Pro-Con Research

After extensive research, I wrote two essays, one that supports cosmetic surgery for teens and one that acknowledges it as a harmful decision. The essay that supports cosmetic surgery gave me insight as to how supporters feel about the topic and what their argument may be. However, the essay that corresponds with my opinion refutes what supporters say. At the end of the page is a Works Cited with sources used for both of the essays. 

For Cosmetic Surgery For Teens 

Cosmetic Surgery in Teenagers
Cosmetic surgery is defined by Diana Zuckerman and Anisha Abraham as “surgery to improve…appearance” (318). With a definition like this one it almost makes one wonder why cosmetic surgery isn’t an option for all people, especially teenagers. Cosmetic surgery is especially beneficial to teenagers because it can instantly boost their self-esteem. Also despite protestors that claim teenagers are not mature enough to undergo cosmetic surgery, a teenager’s maturity level cannot be determined simply by age. And finally, cosmetic surgery regulations on teenagers are not likely to change so they should be embraced and accepted.
According to Zuckerman and Abraham, “the ultimate role of plastic surgery has been described as to alter the patient’s body image, and thus to improve the patient’s quality of life” (320). Most teenagers in particular are in the middle of a time in their lives when developing communication skills is most critical. They are in their final years of high school, or first years in college, or even in their first years of becoming a working adult. Self-esteem is necessary to foster healthy interactions and communication with the people they must encounter on a daily basis. Cosmetic surgery aids self- esteem of teenagers because if they have a specific body part that keeps them from having healthy self-esteem, they have the power to change it. Plastic surgeon Michael Vermant says, “Certain body features can be very difficult to deal with and shape one’s interactions” (Facts on File).  For example, a young girl with an abnormally large nose risks being teased, and laughed at for something that she cannot control. Even is she is not bothered by others it could be something that bothers her every time she looks in the mirror. The option of cosmetic surgery would give her the control and power to change this feature. A choice like this would change her life completely. So, after a rhinoplasty procedure, she is more likely to hold her head higher and have boosted self-esteem. For this reason, plastic surgery is a great option for teenagers.
Another reason that cosmetic surgery should be an option to teenagers is because they have a broad variation in maturity levels. It is a common known fact that not all people grow and develop at the same pace. Teenagers especially are growing at a different pace and many of them are far more mature than most in their age group. Limiting cosmetic surgery to teenagers is not reasonable because maturity cannot be defined by age. For example an eighteen year old seeking breast implants may be more mature than a twenty one year old seeking the same thing. Skeptics may ask how a teenager and cosmetic surgeon know whether or not the teen is mature enough to undergo a specific procedure and the answer is simple. “Patients are interviewed extensively…and questioned as to why they feel that they need the surgical procedure” (Facts on File). In addition to the interview process, parental consent is needed for children under the age eighteen. In the end, it is up to the surgeon and the family whether or not to proceed in the process. The decision to have cosmetic surgery is not one that can be defined by general age but is defined by factors far more personal.
Lastly, it is important to note that cosmetic surgery rules are not likely to change so they should be accepted. The idea of teenagers undergoing cosmetic surgery is one that has been long debated. Critics argue that it is dangerous, and sends the wrong message about body image. However, teenagers that desire a cosmetic procedure at age seventeen will still want the procedure at age twenty one and will have lived with the abnormality for the past four years. Another reason the rules will not change is because of the high overall satisfaction of the patient post operatively. For example, “A Dutch study examining the psychological benefit of cosmetic surgery among 12-22 year olds, found that satisfaction with the body parts that the patients considered deformed improved 6 months after cosmetic surgery” (Zuckerman Abraham 320). This says something about the positive effect of cosmetic surgery on the way people, in general, see themselves. If a routine cosmetic procedure has this ability it can definitely be inferred that it can also decrease prevalence of self- esteem related diseases such as anorexia and bulimia. Rather than starving his whole body, a young boy can get liposuction and save himself the physical and mental harm. These important factors are why cosmetic surgery should be an option for teenagers.

            In conclusion, there is much debate over whether cosmetic surgery in teenagers is ethical or not. But with the burden put on them by the media, their peers, and society to look a certain way, teenagers may be prime patients for cosmetic surgery. The way one looks in comparison to those around them influences the way they communicate and interact. Adolescents in particular are susceptible to “judging a book by its cover”. They are more likely to judge someone based on their appearance; it only makes sense for them to put forth the best version of themselves that they can. Although critics of cosmetic surgery say that teenagers are not mature enough to make a life changing decision like this one, maturity cannot be measured by age. Therefore making cosmetic surgery available based on age is an unreasonable notion. And finally, cosmetic surgery rules are not likely to change considering the satisfaction of most patients and the satisfaction of most doctors.

Against Cosmetic Surgery for Teens 

Cosmetic Surgery In Teenagers
     Cosmetic surgery is defined by Diana Zuckerman and Anisha Abraham as “surgery to improve a “normal” appearance” (318). With a definition like this one it almost makes one wonder why cosmetic surgery is even a necessity for people at all. Cosmetic surgery is especially harmful to teenagers because they have not fully developed physically, they have a distorted idea of “normal”, and because it sends the wrong message about self-acceptance.
            Puberty is a process that occurs variably from person to person; for this reason cosmetic surgery is detrimental to teenagers because they are still maturing through puberty. Puberty is a stage in life that every child endures signaling their transition into adulthood. It is different from person to person and occurs at different ages. However for most children, “puberty starts between ages 8 and 13 in girls and ages 9 to 15 in boys” (KidsHealth). Each person finishes puberty at different times in their lives. In fact, according to Zuckerman and Abraham, “breast size may also increase with weight gain and growth charts indicate that the average female gains weight between the ages of eighteen and twenty one” (318). Thus for example, breast implantation is a procedure in which breast tissue is lifted and either silicone or saline implants are inserted and incision is closed. Women with breast implants are required to have follow up surgeries and sometimes have implants replaced. For a teenager whose breasts are still developing, the chance of this happening is heightened. Similarly, a teenager that requests a rhinoplasty, a surgery to decrease the size of the nose, may be disappointed with the results a few years later because their nose continues to grow throughout puberty. Puberty is a part of life with effects that vary from person to person however, it is one that should be stomached before a child decides to change the way he/she looks. With this in mind, it is not reasonable for teenagers to undergo cosmetic surgery to alter their appearance when they are not even fully developed physically.  
            As previously stated, cosmetic surgery is defined as “surgery to improve a “normal” appearance” (Zuckerman, Abraham, 318). This makes cosmetic surgery harmful for teenagers because they have a distorted idea of what is normal. This misleading impression of normalcy comes from various places such as the media as well as their misinformed peers. The media presents a false illusion of what beauty looks like realistically and teenagers in particular are vulnerable to be disillusioned. According to the article entitled Teens and Cosmetic Surgery, “society constantly pushes the notion that beauty is not in the eye of the beholder, but in the eye of the media” (Facts on File). All throughout their television, magazines, and advertisements, teenagers are presented with tall, slim, yet curvy women and tall brawny, muscular men. This becomes the ideal goal for adolescents. They are striving to look like their favorite actors, actresses, and models. Another thing that contributes to the misconstrued image of a normal body is misinformed peers. A lot of the time, teenagers will put pressure on one another while going through puberty. For example, a young girl that is slowly progressing through puberty is more likely to be teased or to feel ostracized because she is not as developed as other girls. This may cause her to consider cosmetic surgery without seeing the full picture and thinking about the complications and long term side effects. For these reasons cosmetic surgery is an unhealthy idea for teenagers that especially have a distorted view of what is normal.
            The final reason that cosmetic surgery proves to be injurious to teenagers is because it sends the wrong message about body image. It teaches young girls and boys that instead of accepting themselves and their differences, they should spend thousands of dollars and risk their lives to change. Young girls believe that to feel better about themselves they need to undergo extreme changes despite the high risks. They must look “normal” at all costs. Zuckerman and Abraham say, “if the goal of cosmetic surgery is to feel better about [oneself]…many girls and women seeking cosmetic surgery might benefit more from therapeutic approaches aimed at improving self-esteem or general body image or those aimed at decreasing depression” (321). In addition, cosmetic surgery often requires many follow-up surgeries to maintain the results of the initial surgery, specifically breast implants. This is another reason why teenagers should internally heal their self-esteem and body image rather than externally. 
            In conclusion, cosmetic surgery for teenagers is a controversial topic with either side having valid points however, it should not be an option for teenagers. Most teenagers are not fully developed until they are out of their teens and sometimes into their early twenties. Another reason is that they have a distorted idea of what normal is. Considering they are most likely having the surgery to correct something they see as abnormal, it is important that a patient is mature enough to know what a realistic body should look like. In the article, Teenage Girls and Plastic Surgery, Kearny-Cook says that “most teenage girls feel perpetually inadequate as they try to live up to those impossibly high standards of beauty” (Facts on File). This reinforces the fact that teenagers are not able to decide whether or not to alter their bodies in such an extreme and dangerous way. And lastly, it gives them a false perception of body image. Instead of teaching young people to grow to like the way that they look, or to seek therapy, allowing teenagers to undergo plastic surgery teaches them that a quick fix solution will solve their internal conflicts. In closing, teenagers should not be allowed to undergo cosmetic surgery.   


Works Cited
Dowshen, Steven, ed. "All about Puberty." Kids Health. Nemours, Oct. 2012. Web. 3 Nov. 2013. <http://kidshealth.org/kid/grow/body_stuff/puberty.html#a_Developing_Differently>.
Self Assessment Program. Screening for Mental Health, n.d. Web. 10 Nov. 2013. <http://www.mentalhealthscreening.org/screening/resources/teenagers-and-stress.aspx>.
Teenage Girls and Plastic Surgery. N.p.: Facts on File News Services, 2009. Issues and Controversies. Web. 3 Nov. 2013. <http://www.2facts.com/article/i1400330>.
Teens and Cosmetic Surgery. N.p.: Facts on File News Services, 2004. Issues and Controversies. Web. 3 Nov. 2013. <http://www.2facts.com/article/i0902640>.

Zuckerman, Diana, and Anisha Abraham. "Teenagers and Cosmetic Surgery: Focus on Breast Augmentation and Liposuction." Journal of Adolescent Health 43 (2008): 318-24. Print.

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